Music Notes - [DOCX Document] (2024)

HOMEWORK 7/2/14 8:28 AMSome main points: Content analysisExploitation: prisoners, labor, slavery, work for free; politicaldesignationConcert: vitellos, 7-15-14 Key terms: Rhythm= thebeatDynamics= the volume/soft-loudMelody= main theme Harmony=accompanies main themeAcoustic= nothing plugged in (ex.Piano)Electric=plugged in (ex. electric guitar)Synthesizer=something that produces artificial sound (ex. Keyboard)Common time=4/4 rhythm (4 beats per measure (bar)) Waltz= 3/4 rhythmClave(African)= rhythm/ instrument- 2 wooden sticks, the source of truesyncopationRhythm can either be: 3-2 (starts on 1) OR 2-3 (rest on1 start on 2) tresillo- the 3 side of 2-3 and 3-2Call andresponseAdditive clave: clave is literally playedDerivative clave:clave is at the heart of the musicFeeling/flow= playing music withpassion/emotion Rest= break, no sound

two song forms: A-A-B-A (A1-A2-BRIDGE-A3)The blues (12bar)Improvisation= free style Pitch= how high or low the sound isPolyrhythmic= multiple rhythm Diaspora=mass transport of Africanpeople to the Americas though Caribbean; large influx of Africanpeople: Africa-Caribbean-US (New World)Africa-Caribbean (MiddlePassage)- The Americas Middle passage=stop at CaribbeanNegrospiritual= ex. swing low, sweet chariotSwing low is a metaphor forthe underground railroad- Harriet TubmanRelated to gospelmusicGospel music= sacred, inspirational, functional Work song(slave songs)= highly functionalDuke Ellington= aka Edward KennedyEllington; composer, pianist, band leaderBeyond category Ellingtoneffect- way he used his orchestra, ex. Do wahBubber Miley- trumpet-used mutes Octave= 8th Interval= distance between notesSwing=afeeling, a flowModulation= the process of changing from one key toanotherChromatic scale= 12 notes in music, all half stepsDiatonicscale= 7 notes do re mi fa so la ti (8 is octave); major, minorscale Alpha; A through GFlat-b= down stepSharp-#= up step P.O.V=point of view Familiar and other Minstrel= black faced whitestrying to act like blacks Backlash= history has a habit ofrepeating itself Black codes= codes that were modeled after slavecodesLynch laws= thousands of black people hung, no fair judgmentJim Crow laws= racial segregation laws, du jure segregation;(White/Black) (Separate but Equal) (Plessy v. Ferguson) Klu kluxklan= American terrorist organization, started in 1865Booker T.Washington= born a slave, started Tuskegee instituteW.E.B. Du Bois=went to Harvard, lawyer, started NAACP (National Association forthe Advancement of Colored people, still exists), end bad treatmentnow , big race org.Fisk Jubilee Singers= pg 17, big musical org.,1871, residents at Fisk college (black), toured around the worldsinging negro spirituals, etc. ; dignified, kept black collegesopen, at core of true jazz musicSharecropping= when slaves legallyset free, owner would let them live on property & have themwork on plantation, work covers some costs, in debt- could neverleave until they played Co-opt= the act of taking something fromone to the other Friendly, helpful, subconscious, hostileVoicegutbucket style, mute, trumpet/trumpet, plunger muteVernon &Irene Castle= expert couples dancing team, p. 34the rise ofAmerican social dances- ballroom dancing James Reese Europe=1881-1919; band leader, instrumental ragtimeBanjo= Africaninstrument that came to US with the AfricansNew Orleans jazzjazz=originated in New Orleans functional art dance no dancing legalenvironment cabaret laws (NYC to others) MUSIC INDUSTRYCopyright=issued by library of congress, US Govt ; can ONLY copyright lyricsand melodies, NOT chord changes trademark tin pan alley= publishersrow in NYC song (controlled composition)= writer 100%, publisher100%

literacy mandate= RAGTIME Scott Joplin= most brilliant and welldocumented ragtime composers American term meant to be aninsultIrving Berlin Alexanders ragtime band (1911)(Israel Baline)(1888-1989)Phonograph= 1877 by Thomas Edison Christopher Columbusdiscovered AmericaSocial diversity within the community NEWORLEANSLouisiana purchase (napoleon sold to us) 1803, took 50-100to take holdBuilt by French, settled by them in 1718U.S. Drums forblacks were illegal except in Congo SquareIllegal for blacks tocongregate in groups

French, Spanish, Haitian, Italian, black, native American,AmericanCreoles- mixed heritage One drop rule (American) one dropof black blood makes you black Caste system- various levels- blackcolored- white A city of celebration- parades, parties and balls,brass bands Quadroon balls- high yellow (yella) *congo square- NewOrleansuptown- black side of town; downtown- white side of towndance halls, honky tonks, joints (funky butt hall) storyville- redlight district0 (2) black & white brothels- funeral parades,marching/concert bands, church front of parade white dands, backwas blackback of parades- black bands, second lineFerdinand JellyRoll Morton pianist, composer, singer (p.58)Spanish tinge- latintinge NOLA trumpet kingsBubby Bolden(1877-1931)Freddie Keppard(1890-1933) in LA w/ bill Johnson the bassist, Chicago Joe KingOliver- (1885-1937) Chicago (sent for and mentored louis Armstrong)Louis Armstrong to Mississippi river boats, Chicago w/ oliver

BLUESAn American invention, everybodys got the blues, way toexpress whats uniquely happening to you, Charlie Patton- down thedirt road blues (rural delta blues)Robert Johnson (delta)Mississippi RiverThe church or the juke jointHeaven orhellRighteousness or sin Millions of types of blues Re: Song form:Delta- flexible, Standardized-12 Bar BluesRural Blues= comes fromthe country Mississippi Delta- opens in NoLaNear slave statesLyric; music construction LYRIC1. Xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx; call2. Same as1 (xxxxxx); call3. Brings logic to the first 2 lines; explanationline; response MUSICStandard blues= 12 bar blues Measure/bar= 4beats, common time Chord symbols= roman numerals

0.

Repeats a measure

BOOK NOTESCh. 1pg 13 Say the name jazz comes from New OrleansPrehistory of jazz- music before jazz was called syncopationSyncopation ragtime jazz Pg 14 Chronology chart age of minstrelsycivil war reconstructionPg 18Minstrelsy Vaudeville, blackvaudeville circuit , T.O.B. A (Theater owners booking agency) ch 3new orleansch. 6 louis Armstrongch 5 new Orleans jazzch 2p. 24-5scott Joplin p. 27 popular songs, broadway, tin pan alley, NYC p.28scott joplins music very advanced p. 29a great debate: parts ofthe song stolen from scott Joplin- intellectual property

4 MAIN FIGURES IN JAZZ1. Louis Armstrong2. Duke Ellington 3.Charlie Packer (aka Bird or Yardbird) 4. Miles DavisTestimony:HardworkStates jazz is controversialRacial ideology Cross-culturalinfluences P. 21 parallels west African and European ethics

NOTES: TEST 1 7/2/14 8:28 AM

African: Nini Mikie and ItsekoKonzert for klavier and orchesterMozart (European Classical)Beethovens 5th symphony- MoorishdrumsSee Gods Ark A-Movin- Gospel Music (Early); sacred,inspirational, functional, translation of bible situationSwing low,sweet chariot- underground railroad (Negro spiritual)John Henrywork/slave song, American Folklore, by prisoners/chain gangIt dontmean a thing Duke Ellington, AABA form John Phillip Sousa semperfidelisJames Reese Europe- Memphis bluesCharlie Patton- down thedirt road blues (rural delta blues)Robert Johnson (delta)Mississippi RiverRobert Johnson- me and the devil blues ScottJoplin- maple leaf rag Irving Berlin (in the business; publisher,writer) Alexanders ragtime band (1911)(Israel Baline- real name)(1888-1989)Performed by collins and harden Jelly roll morton- deadmans blues Solo and orchestratedJelly roll morton-maple leaf ragBessie smith- lost your head bluesLouis Armstrong- west endblues

SONGS: TEST 17/2/14 8:28 AM

Ghostband- artist is no longer here, but band still active (e.g.Count Basie Orchestra)Jazz standards- common vocabulary, everybodyknows the song

New Orleans trumpet kingsBubby Bolden(1877-1931); went intomental asylum, say he had lead poisoning, never recorded, but led alot of groups Freddie Keppard (1890-1933) in LA w/ bill Johnson thebassist, Chicago; didnt record much, was offered first recordingJoeKing Oliver- (1885-1937) Chicago (sent for and mentored louisArmstrong) Louis Armstrong to Mississippi river boats, Chicago w/oliverScat singing- vocal technique; wordless, improvisedvocalsPolyphonic- many notes at once (chords- 3 or more notessimultaneously)Linear- one note at a time (arpeggios)Interval-distance between notes Spasm band- kids jazz group Breaks- musicstops, soloist improvises (high wire act) Stop time- stops to thebeat- a rhythm riff Polyphony- several soloists going on at onceWhite jazz (CH 7) better trained at sight reading, highly polished,preferred work settings, were not known for innovation nor bestsoloists, had more studio work, competitive, symphonic jazzOriginalDixieland jazz band (ODJB) - 1917 1st jazz recording livery stableblues, mezz mezzrow (p. 79) Frankie trumbauer- c melody sax, w/ bixsinging the bluesBix biderbecke- trumpet Paul Whiteman- bandleader,violin (w/ bix); king of white jazz, There aint no sweet man worththe salt of my tears, rhapsody in blueStoryville 1897-1917 closedby US military Austin high school gang- Chicago Ferdinand jellyroll morton- piano, composition, vocal, guitar Sydney bichet(1897-1959) New Orleans; clarinet, soprano sax; did cake walkinbabies with ArmstrongCake walking- dance, done by bichet andArmstrong, Bessie smith Cutting contest- musicians came togetherand beat each other William Count Basie- NYC stride style piano ,pianist and band leader; jazz orchestra- big band with [4-5trumpets, 4 trombones, brass] 5 saxophones (reeds- alto, tenor,baritone/clarinet, flute. Oboe); went from NYC/NJ to Kansas City,MO , riff band Chicago Boogie Woogie style= blues based, oppositeof NYC New Orleans style- jelly roll morton Ragtime-before newOrleans style fad dances- fun and nonsense, Charleston (james p.Johnson) riff-(in popular music and jazz) a short repeated phrase,frequently played over changing chords or harmonies or used as abackground to a solo improvisation.NYC stride piano- james p.Johnson, Willie the lion smith, Thomas fats waller, duke ellingtonScott Joplin- ragtime piano jazzHot jazz- black jazz, gutbucket,lowdownSweet jazz- white, society dicty, mickey mouse bands Racerecords- supposed to be made by blacks and marketed to blacksAntiphonal voices- sections sound like they are competing with eachother Fletcher Henderson- pre duke ellington, nyc- pianist,bandleaderm arranger, roseland ballroom- radio broadcast, piano onlost ur head blues Ring shout- shout chorusBlack &tans- blackentertainers for white and mixed audiences; ex. The cotton club,harlem (uptown) NYC; Black and Tan Fantasy by duke ellington Greatmigration- agricultural to industrialHenry ford- mass productionNew York City- manhattanharlem(black area of NY) [uptown] centralpark and lower = downtown; subway/trains, expressway- nostopsEllington Effect- how to know a song is DEs, like train soundsJitterbug & Lindy Hop- types of swing dances, part of youthmovement, Vernon and Irene CastleBlack short films- about shows ,blacks were the workers at a mansion (gardeners, butlers);Hellzapopin (1941), lindy hopSpoken word- rap is a formYouthmovement- rebellious against parents; dancingCabaret laws- 1926,NYC, banned dancing Jack Johnson- black heavyweight champion whofounded the cotton club White hope syndrome- whites hope that somewhite person would beat jack Johnson Passing- those who can pass aswhite/black (p. 79) Recording techniquesAcousticrecording-megaphones, all instruments played in a hornElectricrecording- microphonesSymphonic jazz- p. 81, paul whiteman- georgeGershwin (Rhapsody in Blue - 1924 ) , not to be played by blacks,elevated jazz by fusing it with classical music, Mr. WilberforceWhiteman- from Denver, Co; music teacher, Paul Whitemans dad,taught lunceford too NOTES: TEST 27/2/14 8:28 AM

Ella fitzgerald- one note sambaLouis Armstrong- heebiejeebiesODJB- livery stable blues Sidney bichet and louisarmstrong-Cake walking babies from homeBessie smith- cake walkingbabies, talks about contestsSidney bichet- premier ball Countbasie- one oclock jumpJames p. Johnson- Charleston, ny stridepianoFletcher Henderson- sing sing singFletcher Henderson-shanghaishuffle, 1924; w/ louis Armstrong, sax player Coleman Hawkins(tenor) Fletcher Henderson- wrapping it upDuke Ellington-take the Atrain 2nd theme song, with billy strayhorn (writer); AABA song,composed in 1939Duke Ellington- east st. louis toodle-oo (1926) w/bubber miley East st. louis is not in MO, but in IL Toodle-oo =byeEllingtons 1st theme song Jungle sound- started in cottonclubGeorge Gershwin- I got rhythm (type of AABA song)Changes sincehave been done to the song for others Hellzapoppin Slim Gaillardand Slam StewartDuke ellington- black and tan fantasy BennieGoodman- sing sing singPaul whiteman- There aint no sweet man worththe salt of my tearsWomans perspective3 men one is Bing Crosby(vocalist and movie star); other is Bix Biderbeck (trumpet playeraspired to be next Louis Armstrong) Paul whiteman- rhapsody inblue, composed by Gershwin Jimmy lunceford- rhythm is ourbusiness

SONGS ON TEST 27/2/14 8:28 AM

4 main jazz musiciansLouis ArmstrongDuke Ellington Charlie BirdParkerMiles Davisharmonic construction tonal center/ key center; 12keys in music chromatic scale; diatonic scale- major/7 notes, 8 isoctave 2 types of latin jazzBossa novaSambaLatin Tinge (JR Morton)1. Afro Cuban- Puerto Rican, Dominican, (Spanish) Salsa2. AfroBrazilian- samba, bossa nova (Brazilian jazz)- jazz based-Portuguese 3. American Afro Latin JazzCharlie Parker/ColemanHawkins post bob/ be-bopArpeggio-musical technique where notes in achord are played or sung in sequence, one after the other, ratherthan ringing out simultaneously.Be bop- coleman Hawkins, lesteryoung (billie holiday and count basie), ben webster; tenor sax52ndstreet, NYC mecca of jazz in new york functional (dance) to- art(sit and listen) ray elldrige/miles davis- trumpet Clifford brownFats navaro Dizzy gillespeLee morganClarke terryArt tatum-pianoThelonious Monk piano, composerWynton marsellis from neworleans

Miles davis- be bop, modal, birth of the cool, electronicfunk/rock and free jazzA night in Tunisia- dizzy, bud, un pocoloco, tempes fugitManteca- afro Cuban latin jazz conga- chonopozo

Jazz and drugs- in be bop gen. (p. 184) Existentialism andFreudianism , carl jung Heroin

Storyville closed Dixieland (rediscovered old jazz)

Be-bop & post bop

Horace silver- composer, pianist With art blakey- the jazzmessengers

Cuban-rumbaYanbo Colombian (men only dance), 6/8 Guaguanco

Miles davis- be bop, birds of the cool, orchestrated by gilevans, multi cultural, multi instrumental- classical and jazzinstruments

Post bop/ modal Miles davis- trumpetColtrane tenor saxCornwallalderly- alto sax Bill evans- piano Paul chambers- bass Jimmy cobb-drums

Afro-jazz American Afro CubanDanzoMambo Cha chaSon Bolero AllsecularSacred- Santeria= bata drums

Sidney bichet- pioneer of sop sax before Coltrane Coltrane-tenor and sop sax, so what w/ miles davis, spiritual awakening, ch.24, p 272

Free jazz ornette coleman- alto sax don cherry- pockettrumpetCharlie haden contra bassBillie Higgins- drums

Ch. 9- piano jazzRagtime-scott Joplin-mid-westJazz-jellyrollmorton, lil hardin Armstrong, Earl father hinesHarlem stride piano-NYC- James P. Johnson, Willie The lion smith, Thomas Fats Waller,Duke Ellington, Art tatum, count basie Chicago boogie-woogie blues- meade lux lewis Be bop- bud powell, thelonious monkPost bop-Horace silver, barry harris, bill evansElectric fusion- chickcorrea, joe zawinul, herbie hanco*ck rhythm/timing4/4 common timewaltz6/8 march/ afro latin odd meter 5/4mohammad ali b4 was cassiusclay brown v. boardlittle rock, Arkansas- school, escorted bymilitary, w/ gov. orville faubusFINAL NOTES7/2/14 8:28 AM

Ray Noble/Charlie Barnett/Charlie parker Cherokee, AABA;harmonic construction Sergio Mendes- Magalenha/ ey macalenha, afrobrazilian Tom jobim, ellis regina- Aguas de marco, bossa novaAstrud Gilberto and Stan Getz- The girl from ipanema, English ofa*guas de marcoCharlie parker- koko- variation of cherokeeDizzygillespie- manteca; big bandBud powell- a night in Tunisia, writtenby GillespieBud powell- over the rainbowBud powell- un pocolocoThelonious monk- straight no chaserThelonious monk- blue monkThelonious monk- pannonica, wrote for nika Rothschild,aabaThelonious monk- misterioso, 12 bar bluesThelonious monk, johnHendricks- in walked bud, dedicated to Bud powellHorace silver-song for my father Horace silver- senor blues, 6/8 rhythm, latinstyle Art blakey w/ lee morgan- dat dereOscar brown- dat dere withlyrics Miles davis, Charlie parker- a night in Tunisia, bird ofparadise Miles davis, gil evans- the duke, arranged by evans,written by dave brubeck, dedicated to duke ellington Miles davis-so whatEddie Jefferson- so what, vocalese- put words to preexistingjazz solo John Coltrane- impressions, variation of sowhatColtrane-my favorite things Coltrane- giant steps Coltrane-resolution Ornette coleman- civilizaton dayDave Brubeck- take 5Leemorgan- ceoraLee morgan-sidewinder Charles mingus- fables of faubusFINAL SONGS7/2/14 8:28 AM

CONCERT REPORTSLACMA- Friday night jazz series- freeHollywoodbowl- ella fitzgerald

Typed2-3 pages long double spaced

WHAT SHOULD BE ON IT

objectiveWhen Where Who What they did (what instrument)Name ofeach song and composer

Subjective What did it bring to mind What do you think